WEDEFEND — comprehensive protection of critical infrastructure

Integrated protection of critical infrastructure

Protection of a critical facility is built not around a single asset but around a sequence of lines: a threat is detected, confirmed, decided upon, engaged and its consequences held. Six functional layers — from radar to engineering protection — work in one digital environment: a message from any asset becomes a shared event card, and the air, ground and engineering loops complement each other. The scheme defines the logic of interaction, not a fixed set of equipment: the mix and density of assets for a given facility are set by survey and design.

Situation map

Detection and identification

The long-range layer establishes an early track

The long-range echelon forms an early track

The long-range radar echelon forms an early track and buys time for verification and decision long before a target approaches. The 96L6 radar rates a target up to 300 km in 360° scan, the 1L122-1 up to 120 km in a sector; the initial track goes straight to the confirmation assets. A station's rated range and the working line at a site are different values: the 60–80 km adopted in the concept require calculation, and actual range depends on terrain, altitude and the target's radar cross-section. The supplier and integration terms are not yet defined in the source materials.

Short-range radar separates the target from background returns

A facility short-range radar closes the near line and passes an already classified track to confirmation — a multirotor, a fixed-wing craft or a bird — easing the load on optics and cutting false alarms. The near loop complements the long-range echelon rather than replacing it. Working range, resolution and the list of classes depend on the chosen station model; until its datasheet is available, numeric values are marked “N/A”.

Passive location and direction-finding refine the emitter

Passive location and direction finding refine the signal source

Passive location and signals intelligence refine the signal source while emitting nothing themselves. Location detects a target by the reflection of external illumination — LTE, digital TV and broadcast signals — while a network of spaced SIGINT posts fixes active control and navigation channels and cross-bearings to estimate the source area. A radio-silent target can be seen by passive location, whereas SIGINT works only against actual emission. Range and accuracy depend on the geometry of transmitters and posts, terrain, multipath and interference, and are set by facility survey.

Optics and thermal imager confirm the track

Optics and thermal imaging confirm the track

The operator decides by the picture, not by a mark on the screen: on cueing, the pan-tilt module slews onto the target area and tracks it, with day and thermal channels complementing each other. Per the concept — 4K optics with optical zoom and auto-tracking, a 640 × 512 thermal matrix, and 24 cameras covering the facility (a figure that needs coverage verification). The thermal channel confirms a target at night, but rain, fog, smoke and obstructions likewise reduce confirmation quality.

ADS-B and Remote ID help exclude known aircraft

The receiver matches radar returns with available identifiers of civil aviation (ADS-B) and legal UAVs (Remote ID), tagging recognised aircraft so the system does not alarm on every flight. This is a context filter, not full state identification: ADS-B is broadcast by participating aircraft, Remote ID only by compatible and correctly configured drones. The absence of an identifier raises verification priority but does not by itself prove a threat — data is checked against the track, permissions and visual confirmation.

A wearable detector warns of familiar radio signals

A compact wearable detector warns a person of a drone nearby: it listens to the air and, on a recognised control or video channel, alerts by vibration, sound or on-screen. Reception is passive — it keeps the carrier covert, emits nothing and jams nothing, only warns. It is an early-warning aid: radio-silent, autonomous or unknown protocols may go undetected, and range depends on the protocol library and the radio environment.

Perimeter and ground security

Response priority rises as the critical node is approached

Response priority rises closer to the critical node

The territory stops being uniform: the closer to a critical node, the denser the watch and the firmer the response. The facility is split into five control levels — from airspace to critical nodes — each with its own depth of observation and priority, so the same deviation at the outer line and at critical equipment is handled by different rules. This is a logical model of the facility, not five separate systems nor a universal norm: zone boundaries are tied to the process and real layout and are refined by survey.

An autonomous microwave curtain covers a single span

An autonomous microwave curtain guards a single perimeter span and sends the alarm to a gateway over radio — without laying signal cable along the whole fence. Per the supplier, one sensor covers a span up to 50 m and up to 2.5 m high, runs up to 5 years on battery, and the gateway collects sensors within 10–15 km. Link range and battery life depend on terrain, reporting interval, temperature and radio-channel quality.

BLE tags show presence and activity by zone

Wearable BLE tags and anchors map the territory into zones: tags on people and assets report the fact of presence and movement rather than continuous precise coordinates. Per source materials, an anchor zone radius is 10–75 m (up to 200 m with an external antenna), the reporting interval is about 5 minutes, and tag form factors differ in autonomy and purpose. The solution is for zone accounting: accuracy, refresh period and battery life depend on the scenario, and presence in a zone is not a person's exact coordinate.

An autonomous radio channel carries data outside cellular coverage

An autonomous radio channel carries data beyond cellular coverage

An autonomous tracker and gateway keep telemetry exchange on 433 or 868 MHz where there is no cellular link: the tracker in a rugged IP67 case runs up to 5 days and charges over USB-C, while the gateway feeds data to GSM/LTE or Ethernet, collecting devices within 10–15 km. This is a data channel, not a coordinate source: geopositioning under suppressed satellite navigation cannot be promised without a confirmed alternative source of location.

Command, comms, conditions

The control centre turns signals into a decision and an event log

The unified centre turns a stream of signals into a decision and an event log: correlation brings tracks, imagery, telemetry and crew actions into one history and reduces duplicate messages from different assets. A protocol links the threat assessment to a permissible action, and the archive keeps source data, commands and the result of the check. Analytics, forecast and automatic classification are decision support, not a replacement for the operator: the decision and responsibility stay with the authorised person, and the rules and changes must be auditable.

Redundancy keeps control alive when one channel fails

Redundancy keeps control when one channel fails

Crews stay in contact when one channel drops: an IP network, a telemetry radio channel and professional voice comms form independent paths. A wearable digital SDR radio works in the 400–480 MHz band (DMR Tier 1/2, APCO25 Phase 1 and analogue mode), holds up to 12 hours of autonomy and −40 to +55 °C per the supplier. Compatibility, frequency permits and use of the stated encryption are confirmed for the chosen configuration.

Meteorological data constrain the permissible engagement scenario

Weather data limits the permissible use scenario

A local weather post feeds the control centre with conditions that directly limit asset use: wind, precipitation, temperature and visibility. Weather reduces the range of acoustics and optics and shortens interceptor and droneport time, so meteo data takes part in asset-readiness checks and the decision relies on actual conditions, not only datasheet limits. Sensor composition and refresh rate are set by design, and thresholds are tied to the datasheets of specific assets.

Response and countermeasures

The droneport enables remote launch of a surveillance UAV

The droneport stores, prepares and charges the aircraft for patrol and visual confirmation — the crew need not be at the pad. Per the supplier, the ERI M300 station launches an aircraft in about 40 s, gives up to 60 min of flight and up to 10 km range, charges four batteries in ~70 min and covers up to 150 km²; the junior stations are the ERI MINI and ERI Auto. The source specs list a surveillance UAV, so calling it an interceptor is incorrect, and actual coverage depends on route, altitude, link, weather and the chosen drone model.

A tactical module moves detection and response to a chosen point

The tactical module relocates the detection-and-response node

The tactical module relocates the detection-and-response node to where it is needed: a pickup bed carries surveillance, comms and UAVs, creating a temporary line where there is no fixed infrastructure. The kit may include a compact droneport with several aircraft types and a tracking comms antenna, and several vehicles work as a distributed group. This is a Wanwave supplier concept: composition, deployment time and autonomy are not verified by trials in this system and are refined by configuration.

Mobile response team

On receiving cueing, the mobile fire team moves out to the assigned area without delay. On site the crew clarifies the situation, confirms the target and takes a position for safe and timely response. After the task, the result is passed to the command centre, and the team stays ready for another use or for moving to a new line.

EW acts on individual channels, not the whole band

EW acts on selected channels, not a continuous band

The EW complex acts on selected UAV channels — control or navigation — choosing the mode by threat type rather than jamming a solid band. Per the concept, discrete bands are stated at 400–700 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.4, 5.2 and 5.8 GHz with an adjustable sector up to 120° per complex; four complexes to the cardinal directions give overlap. The listed bands are working ranges, not continuous coverage; band composition and admissibility are agreed with the regulator and verified for the specific facility.

The "Air" signal simultaneously triggers actions of assets and people

The “Air” signal triggers both equipment and people at once

The “Air” signal triggers assets and people at once: sirens, a light board, radio and SMS deliver a single signal to personnel, while evacuation routes and shelters are marked in advance. The alerting channels back each other up, and the event and delivery time are logged in the shared journal. Composition, acoustic coverage and channel availability are set by design and protocol and confirmed by calculation and staff drills.

Engineering protection

The design breakdown fixes nodes, fasteners and repair sections

The card shows not a general principle but the constructive implementation of the KOZ-U-Sh tank protection: mesh types, anchors, cables, rollers and installation tolerances. Per source documentation — an N3-3×3 cable mesh at 500×500 mm pitch, a Manier metal mesh with a 45×45 mm cell and SK-1 anchors at 2000 mm pitch; field installation allows an uneven base. The solution is in design: technical details are disclosed after legal procedures, and the current drawing revision must be checked before release.

A mesh canopy protects equipment while preserving access

A mesh canopy protects equipment while keeping access to it

A mesh canopy covers a process area from above while keeping access to the equipment: a sectional structure lets nodes be serviced and damaged mesh be replaced locally. The reference solution is a galvanised frame of trusses and columns over five spans at 125 t of steel, with a woven web of 6 mm wire, a 130×130 mm cell on a 12 mm steel cable. Reference dimensions cannot be transferred to another site without clarifying sizes, loads, foundations and process passages.

Gabion modules form a repairable protective screen

Sectional RockBox gabion panels assemble into a protective screen of the required geometry, and on damage a single module is replaced, not the whole structure. Per the supplier — a cell from 100×100 to 150×150 mm, 6 or 8 mm wire with 340–550 N/mm² tensile strength, assembly on M10 and M12 U-clips; the coating (zinc, zinc-aluminium or zinc-polymer) is chosen for climate and corrosion. Stated service life refers to the material and coating: the barrier calculation requires defining the fill, base and design load.

A fire loop limits the consequences of damage

The fire loop limits the consequences of damage

The fire loop limits the consequences of damage and works as a single scenario: flame and gas detectors raise an early event, a deluge ring cools the tank wall, foam acts on the product surface, and water cannons and a pump station finish the seat of the fire. Status and commands go to the shared control centre. Capacity, water and foam-concentrate reserves, hydraulics and start algorithms are set by a separate fire-safety design to the facility's codes.

ARCHITECTURE Слои и потоки

Данные поднимаются вверх,
команды возвращаются вниз

Тот же контур, что в карточках, одним срезом: снизу — защищаемый объект, наверху — решение оператора. Сигнал средства обнаружения поднимается до события и решения, команда решения спускается до реагирования и защиты.

Данные поднимаются вверх,
команды возвращаются вниз

WEDEFEND — comprehensive protection of critical infrastructure

Integrated protection of critical infrastructure

The long-range echelon forms an early track

Short-range radar separates the target from background returns

Passive location and direction finding refine the signal source

Optics and thermal imaging confirm the track

ADS-B and Remote ID help exclude known aircraft

A wearable detector warns of familiar radio signals

Response priority rises closer to the critical node

An autonomous microwave curtain covers a single span

BLE tags show presence and activity by zone

An autonomous radio channel carries data beyond cellular coverage

The control centre turns signals into a decision and an event log

Redundancy keeps control when one channel fails

Weather data limits the permissible use scenario

The droneport enables remote launch of a surveillance UAV

The tactical module relocates the detection-and-response node

Mobile response team

EW acts on selected channels, not a continuous band

The “Air” signal triggers both equipment and people at once

The design breakdown fixes nodes, fasteners and repair sections

A mesh canopy protects equipment while keeping access to it

Gabion modules form a repairable protective screen

The fire loop limits the consequences of damage

Данные поднимаются вверх,команды возвращаются вниз

WEDEFEND — comprehensive protection of critical infrastructure

Integrated protection of critical infrastructure

The long-range echelon forms an early track

Short-range radar separates the target from background returns

Passive location and direction finding refine the signal source

Optics and thermal imaging confirm the track

ADS-B and Remote ID help exclude known aircraft

A wearable detector warns of familiar radio signals

Response priority rises closer to the critical node

An autonomous microwave curtain covers a single span

BLE tags show presence and activity by zone

An autonomous radio channel carries data beyond cellular coverage

The control centre turns signals into a decision and an event log

Redundancy keeps control when one channel fails

Weather data limits the permissible use scenario

The droneport enables remote launch of a surveillance UAV

The tactical module relocates the detection-and-response node

Mobile response team

EW acts on selected channels, not a continuous band

The “Air” signal triggers both equipment and people at once

The design breakdown fixes nodes, fasteners and repair sections

A mesh canopy protects equipment while keeping access to it

Gabion modules form a repairable protective screen

The fire loop limits the consequences of damage

Данные поднимаются вверх,команды возвращаются вниз

Данные поднимаются вверх,
команды возвращаются вниз

Данные поднимаются вверх,
команды возвращаются вниз